Tutorial: Pattern And Texture

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For more detailed information regarding similar graphic activities see also the following 3D Gugle tutorials :

    Direct Stereo Pairs           To convert an image to a Stereo Pair
    Direct Depth Map             To convert an image to a depth map
    Direct Layers,                   To convert an image using Layers
    Layers Assembly               To create a stereo image from layers
    Algorithms to Layers         To automatically create the intermediate frames required for lenticulars or animations

    Stereo Pairs processing     To work with stereo pair images

    Free deformation              To create a free-form virtual depth or to make stereo deformations
    Sphere LAB                      To create a spherical virtual depth or to make stereo deformations
    Depth LAB                        To create a virtual perspective or to make stereo deformations

    Stereo Analysis                 To verify the quality of the 3D conversion

    Paint LAB                          To retouch or to clone areas
    Combine LAB                     To sum two images

    Write LAB                        To add normal or stereoscopic text to your images

    Frame Shop Lab                 To add a normal or stereoscopic frame

    Anaglyph Ghosting              Document describing the 'anaglyph ghosting' problem
    Deghost processing             A Lab to rapidly Deghost

    Luminance LAB                   To control the general colour-depth and to setup the colours for anaglyph printing
    CMYK print preview           To see the real printed colours

    Add Colour                          To add a colour for correcting anaglyphs with low colour-saturation Lack of Colour
    RGB channels                      To split an image into its RGB component channels

    Emboss Depth Emphasise     To add body and form to the anaglyphs
    Colours Shift selection         To choose the preferred combination of colours for making the anaglyph

    Jpeg Analysis                     To correctly save an image using the JPEG format

Please remember that:
1) To hide/reveal the controls dialogue-box, click on the image to toggle.

To activate this LAB from the menu "Image" select "Special Functions" and then "Pattern and Texture".

Colours selection
The main dialogue has 3 Boxes for selection of colours.
The first one (left) is for the main colour, the second is for the mixture colour and the third one is for the background colour.

To select a colour click on the coloured disk.
To increase/decrease the brightness use the right rectangle. Attention if the red triangle is to the lowest position you can see only the black and not the colours.
To select a pure colour, click on the little rectangle "Pure colours".
To change the "Alpha blending" use the scroll-bar. The value 255 corresponds to "No transparency"

To rapidly change the symbol, deselect the automatic preview with button "Preview".

When "Text" is selected a textbox to insert the text is shown. To see the result, use the key "Enter".

Fill method

To select the fill method use the menu "Method".

"Line" draws only the contours of the selected shape.
When "Line" is chosen a scrollbar ("Thick") to change the line thickness becomes available.

The methods "Gradient" and "Linear Gradient" draw a rendering mixing two colours.

When these methods are chosen a second colours selection Box, with a scroll (“D = x") to change the colour mixing and a button "T" (Triangular) to modify the rendering apex, become available.

On selecting "Gradient" four scroll-bars become visible.
"LX" and "LY" enlarge the base of the rendering.

The scroll "PX" it is of fundamental importance for the creation of three-dimensional objects.
In the example below a cross-eye composition is created using the functionality of "PX" with "Flip X".

"Gradient" fill gives a solid form to the figure while "Linear Gradient" is a directional fill. For instance fill from left to right.
The direction of the filling can be varied by using the Scroll "Rot".

The Scroll of "D = " moves the application point of the rendering.

The function "Tile" draws the shape in tile mode.
"Flip X" and "Flip Y" combine two shapes with a shape upside-down.
"Flip XY" combines four shapes with two shapes upside-down.
With the Style functions and the "Rot/Zoom" functions you can create an unlimited number of new and different shapes.

The function "Spot" drawns only a single shape.
You can use this function in endless ways, for instance to create bases for other sketches or any type of graphic effect.

The function "Frame"

With this function you can create a frame to contour your image. However remember that 3D Gugle has another specific LAB to create ordinary and stereoscopic frames "Frame Shop Lab"

To select the "Frame" function check the box "Frame"

The main Scroll-bars

There are five main Scroll-bars:

"Lx" and "Ly" change the number of shapes for each line or column.

"Rot" rotates the Shape or the rendering direction.

"Zx" and "Zy" zoom In/Out the shape.

Resize and move the main Texture

The main Texture is the total texture that covers the background of the image
In this LAB you can move or cut the main Texture.
This functionality is very important for creating special or stereo effects.

The scroll-bars of the panel "Move X-Y Texture" move in X and Y direction.

To cut out use the scroll-bars of the "Texture Size" panel.

In the example below the Textures have been cut out and moved in different areas using one level of "Fixing" for each Texture.

The buttons of "Fixing"

The button of "Fixing" is of fundamental importance in composing the texture of Texture, in creating stereo effects, Multi-cross, and frames for animations and lenticular use.

A) when the level is the final level (Work) a new level is added and the screen-image is recopied as that new level.
B) in the other case the function serves for memorizing the changes performed on the current level.

Every level of Fixing is singly memorized with all data and can be modified in any moment.

The two buttons of white colour with the icons "arrows" enable moving among the levels of Fixing.
The two little buttons in yellow colour enable quickly moving to the first or to the last level.

The label in white colour to the right of the buttons show at what level you are working. Initially it shows the void state (Empty) because no level has been memorised.

If there are memorised levels the label shows the active level and the total levels.

When you are to the level "Work" pressing the button "Fixing" again increases the level by one and the new level "Work" become the exact copy of the preceding level.
This behaviour is very important because it allows you to save a lot of time when working to create animations, lenticular sequences or multi-cross images.
The levels also represent the sequences of frames saved with the function "Save Fixing Levels as frames".

Every level as well as containing the graphic/position/dimension information of the Texture, can also contain an image or Layer.
But for each level it is only possible to load one image.

In the level it is possible to load a Layer but also any type of image. Generally the Layers are preferable because it is possible to use the black colour as transparent.

When in the level an Image or a Layer is loaded, there is a button shown to enable the deletion of the loaded image/Layer.

The "File" button

The button of "File" is for loading the Layers or the images, to save the project and to generate the frames.

The menu selection "Save Work" saves the project with all data.
The extension of the project files is: *.3dd.

Files with the extension *.3dd can normally be opened from the menu: "File/Open Image", with a drag-and-drop method or by double clicking on the name in Window's "Explorer".

When you open a "Project" file directly, you enter the environment in exactly the same state as when you left it.

The menu "Save Fixing Levels as Frames" saves the memorised "Fixing" levels as Frames and therefore make them usable in the all Movie LABs of 3D Gugle or in the lenticular applications.

When the Frames are saved you must remember that the last Level "Work" is not saved. If this is desired save this Level by pressing the button "Fixing" to make a copy and to increase the Levels by one unit, then save the work.

Multi-cross

The "Multi-cross" is a stereo image that uses more than two images to create a three-dimensional effect.
The name "Multi-cross" is preferred to other names but the images of this type can also be for "Parallel-eye" vision.

Generally the "Multi-cross" images are composed from a series of vertical images in odd numbers: for instance 5, 7, 9, etc. elements.
In the example that follows we will create an image with seven elements.

Procedure

From the menu "File" select "New Canvas".
With this menu you create a new graphic base with the desired dimensions and colour.

Set 1000 pixels in "X" and 700 pixels in "Y" and the Boxes in clear Gray colour.

Start the "Pattern and Texture" LAB
To activate the LAB from the menu "Image" select "Special Functions" and then "Pattern and Texture".

Set the value of the Scroll "Lx" to 142 pixels. This value will allow a figure in seven columns.

Set the value of "Ly" = 116.

Select in "Shape" "Square" to trace some squares.

From the colours disk select an Orange colour.
Bring the thickness of the line to 4 points using the bar "Thick."

Use the button "Fixing" to memorise the data and to make a copy of the screen.

Now select in "Method" "Gradient" to fill the shapes.

From the two colours disks select a mixing colours that you like and then modify the form of the rendering by using the scroll "D = x" and also trying the selection button "T".

Using the scroll-bars Zoom "Zx" and "Zy" you slightly decrease the shape so that the underneath part becomes visible.
The underneath part is that of the preceding level, the level: "1".
Try with these values: Zx = 0.9, Zy = 0.9

Use the "Fixing" button to save the Level and to create a new Level.

Select in "Shape" "Circle".

Using the bars of Zoom "Zx" and "Zy" you decrease the shape so that the underneath area becomes visible.
The underneath area is that of the preceding level, the level: "2".
Try with these values: Zx = 0.5, Zy = 0.5

Change the colours to ones that please you.
To give depth you repeat the same operations for each new level and remember that first you widen with "LX" and then you center with "X" of the "Move X-Y Texture" panel.
In our example the values are these "LX = 146" and "X = -16.

3D auto-conversion by Alfa SR

The method "Alfa SR" doesn’t pretend to produce 3D conversions of the same high quality as the other specific LABs of 3D Gugle but in many cases this method is a rapid solution.
The method "Alfa SR" can convert only images which have markedly large dark areas..
Alfa SR exploits an optic effect determined by different vertical displacement of the patterns and the ability of the eyes to create 3D even when the 3D doesn't exist.

Procedure

For a rapid execution of the example it is advisable to activate the "Undo/Redo" functions.
To activate the functions Undo/Redo select from the menu: "File" "Preference" and then "Activate Undo Functions"

To download the image, right-click with the mouse on the image below, select "Save with name" and then select *.bmp extension.

After the Save operation, select 3D Gugle's "File/Open Stereo Pairs" to load the image that you have just saved both as "Left" and as "Right".

From the "Open Stereo Pairs" dialogue click on the button "GoStereoPairs" and create a new stereo image that is the same as the example below.

Start the LAB of "Pattern and Texture".

Select in "Shape" "Line".
With the scroll-bar "Lx" regulate so that observing with the Cross-eye method (or parallel-eye if you prefer) the lines are visually behind to the main subject.

We have preferred the value "Lx = " 78.

Use the transparency scroll (in the colours disk) so that the vertical lines visually fade but maintain the same three-dimensional effect.
Vary also the colour so that the colour of the lines is as close as possible to that of the figure.

Use the button "OK" to memorise the image and go out from the LAB of "Pattern and Texture".

From the menu "Edit" to select "Undo First" to return to the initial Stereo image.

From "Edit" select "Save Memory" and then "Redo" to get back to the image with the lines.
Now activate the LAB of "Combine"
To activate the "Combine" Lab from the menu Image, select "Special Functions" and then "Combine".

Cancel with the mouse in the left and in the right images the lines that are on the main subject and those that are on the frame.

From the images "Alfa SR" it is also possible to generate an anaglyph.
To make an anaglyph load the stereo image with "Open Stereo Pairs" in "Side-by-Side" mode and then use the button "GoAnaglyph".

The anaglyph below has been corrected with "Gamma" and then a stereoscopic frame is added with "Frame Shop".

To apply the auto 3D use the LAB of "Direct Anaglyph" and from the menu "Options" select "Auto 3D".

After the application of the automatic 3D cancel with the mouse the parts that don't need this treatment such as the vertical lines, the frame, etc.

The final effect is that:

A transparent frame

In many cases, particularly for anaglyphs, it can be useful to apply a transparent frame. In this LAB it is possible to make this simply and easily.
In the example that follows we will create an ordinary transparent frame and a stereo frame.

With the scrolls "Lx" and "Ly" fill the complete rectangle of the image.
Set to zero the transparency in the second colour Box "Gradient colour".

With the scrolls "LX" and "LY" of the "Gradient" section until you get an empty rectangle inside the image.

You can move the texture using the "Move X-Y Texture" panel or resize with the pannel "Texture Size".

To give a form use the scroll "D = x" of the "Gradient" Box and the option "T" (Triangular).

To resize the text use the scrolls "Lx" and "Ly" and/or "Zx" "Zy". To move use the "Move X-Y Texture" panel.

To make a stereo transparent frame use the same procedure but widen only half image.

Complete the left part of the frame use "Fixing" and then with the "Move X-Y Texture" panel move a copy of the frame to the right.

    Write LAB                        To add normal or stereoscopic text to your images
    Frame Shop Lab                 To frame
    The function "Frame"          in this same doc

Objects in 3D

In this LAB you can create single three-dimensional objects or three-dimensional compositions.
The compositions or the objects can be saved for using them as depth maps or to make anaglyphs.
In the example that follows we will create a Cross-eye composition.

From the menu "File" to select "New Canvas".
With this menu you create a new canvas with the desired dimensions and colour.

Set 600 pixels in "X" and 600 pixels in "Y".
If you want to use the image as layer select a colour black.

Start the "Pattern and Texture" LAB
To activate the LAB from the menu "Image" to select "Special Functions" and then "Pattern and Texture".

Set the value of the Scroll "Lx" to 142 pixels. This value will allow a seven column figure.
Set the value of "Ly" = 116.

Select in "Shape" "Square".

To add a new object first use Fixing and then select a new Shape or resize/move the existing Shape (Square).

To move In/Out the object in the "Stereo Window" use the main scrolls "Lx" and "Ly",

Original	Zoom X

Zoom X and Y	Rotation

Gradient	Gradient and D = 6

Linear Gradient	Linear Gradient and D = 11

Tile	Flip X

Flip Y	Flip XY